India is predicted to have the highest Muslim and Hindu populations in the world by 2050.

Based on statistical analysis from the International Pew Research Centre, India is expected to host the biggest numbers of Muslims and Hindus, two of the three largest religious groupings in the world, in the next few decades. 94% of all Hindus worldwide were already living in India as of 2010, and this number is projected to rise to 1.3 billion by 2050. However, the number of Muslims in India would also rise significantly. With 311 million Muslims, or 11% of the world’s population, India is expected to overtake Indonesia as the nation with the biggest Muslim population by 2050.
Muslims in India have greater fertility rates and a young average age, which are major contributors to this demographic change. Compared to Hindus and Christians, who had the mean ages of 26 and 28, respectively, Indian Muslims, with a median age of 22, were much younger in 2010. Furthermore, the average number of children born to Muslim women in India is 3.2, whereas that of Hindu and Christian women is 2.5 and 2.3, respectively. It is therefore anticipated that the Muslim population would increase at a faster rate, rising from 14.4% in 2010 to 18.4% in 2050. Still, with 76.7% of the population, Hindus will be larger than the combined Muslim populations of Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, Nigeria, and other nations.
India also hosts smaller religious minorities, including Christians, who accounted for 2.5% of the population in 2010, a figure expected to decrease slightly to 2.2% by 2050. Some of these Christians belong to marginalized communities like the Scheduled Castes (formerly called Dalits), who sometimes identify as Hindu on official records.
Religious tensions between Muslims and Hindus, as well as between other religious groups like Sikhs and Christians, have been a persistent issue in India. The partition of British India in 1947, which divided the region into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan, was intended to reduce religious conflict but instead resulted in mass violence, with up to a million deaths and over 10 million displaced.
Since independence, religious violence has continued, claiming the lives of thousands, including key figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. India is ranked as one of the countries with the highest levels of religious hostility.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has also faced allegations of religious intolerance due to his association with anti-Muslim violence in Gujarat in 2002, where as many as 2,000 people were killed. Modi, then chief minister of Gujarat, has been criticized for not taking enough action to prevent the violence, which was carried out by Hindu nationalists against Muslims. This religious conflict remains a significant social and political challenge in India today.